IELTS with Adeel

The diagram shows how to recycle organic waste to produce garden fertilizer (compost). Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. The diagram illustrates a five-stage process for producing compost from organic household waste using a plastic container. Overall, the procedure involves placing layers of organic materials into a ventilated container, adding nitrogen and hot water, and allowing the mixture to decompose over a period of six months. The final product is compost, which can be used as garden fertiliser. At the first stage, a plastic container with a capacity of 2 cubic metres is prepared. The container has several holes on each side to allow air to circulate. Next, organic waste is added to the container in layers. Food scraps form the bottom layer, measuring approximately 15 centimetres in depth. This is covered by an equal 15-centimetre layer of grass, followed by a layer of shredded newspaper. Additiona...

  Some people think the news has no connection to people's lives, so it is a waste of time to read the news in newspapers and watch television news programs. To what extent do you agree or disagree?    It is believed that the news has no relevance to the public and that reading newspapers or watching television news is considered a waste of time. I disagree with this view because news helps individuals make informed decisions in their daily lives and enables them to understand important developments that may affect their future. The first reason why I disagree is that the news has a direct impact on people's everyday lives. Information about weather conditions, traffic disruptions, health warnings, educational opportunities, and changes in government policies can significantly influence personal decisions. For example, people often rely on news reports to avoid dangerous weather conditions, plan their journeys, or stay informed about public health concerns such as disease...

  A list of common linking words , grouped by function , with synonyms and clear examples . This format is suitable for teaching, training materials, or academic writing. 1. Addition Linking Words: and, also, moreover, furthermore, in addition Synonyms: plus, additionally, as well Example: She is intelligent and hardworking. Moreover , she has excellent communication skills. 2. Contrast Linking Words: but, however, although, though, whereas, while Synonyms: yet, nevertheless, on the other hand Example: He is rich, but he is unhappy. However , the results were not satisfactory. 3. Cause and Effect Linking Words: because, so, therefore, thus, as a result Synonyms: hence, due to this Example: She was late because of traffic. It was raining; therefore , the match was cancelled. 4. Comparison Linking Words: like, as, similarly, likewise Synonyms: in the same way, equally Example: He runs like a professional athlete. Similarly , her sister i...

  Last month you had a holiday overseas where you stayed with some friends. They have just sent you some photos of your holiday. Write a letter to your friends. In your letter Thank them for the photos and for the holiday Explain why you didn’t write earlier Invite them to come and stay with you Dear John and Maria,  Hey, what’s up? How have you guys been? Thank you for catching up with me. I literally had a blast with you all. I hope you are doing well. It was great seeing you last month. The vacation with you all was everything I needed after such a stressful few months at my job. That is exactly what I experienced.  I just had a peek at the photos from our vacation, and I must say they turned out to be better than I had imagined. The pictures are really doing justice to the level of fun and enjoyment we had. Thank you so much for sharing these pictures and accompanying me on vacation.  I couldn’t write to you earlier because I caught a fever when I came back. The ...

Some people think governments are responsible for people’s health. Others believe it is an individual’s responsibility. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. Write at least 250 words. The government is considered to be responsible for public health . While others think that people are responsible for their own health. In my view, public health is a shared responsibility. Governments are obligated to safeguard citizens’ health. They possess the resources and authority to enforce regulations that promote healthier lifestyles. For example, imposing taxes on sugary drinks , banning smoking in public spaces , and funding vaccination programs have significantly reduced the prevalence of diseases in many countries. Moreover, access to affordable healthcare is a fundamental right, and without state support, vulnerable groups such as the poor or elderly may be left untreated, l...

The following bar graph compares the age profiles of male and female cinema goers in the year 2012. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.  The bar graph illustrates the percentage of male and female cinema goers in 2012 across five different age groups, ranging from 14–17 years to 50 years and above. The figures represent the average number of visits per year. Overall, cinema attendance increased steadily with age for both men and women, with the highest proportion observed among those aged 50 and above. Women generally went to the cinema more frequently than men, except in the younger groups, where the figures were nearly equal. Only 7% of both men and women aged 14–17 visited cinemas, making it the lowest across all groups. Among 18–24 year olds, participation rose slightly to 15% for women and 16% for men. Attendance grew further in the 25–34 age bracket, with 20% of women and 23% of men. In the 35–49 age gro...

 The diagram shows the changes that have taken place at West Park Secondary School since its construction in 1950. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant. The diagram illustrates the transformation of West Park Secondary School from 1950 to 2010. Over the years, developments includethe expansion of school facilities and the removal of residential and agricultural land.  Overall, the school initially had a simple layout in 1950, consisting of a single school building, a playground, houses, and farmland. However, by 1980, the school had undergone substantial changes, with the houses being replaced by a car park. The most notable changes occurred between 1950 and 1980, with the removal of farmland and houses and the addition of new educational and parking facilities. The science block was added, and the farmland was converted into a sports field. By 2010, further modifications had been made, with the expansion ...

Some people believe that history has no value in the contemporary world. But some believe that we still need history to learn from the past. Discuss both viewpoints and give your opinion. Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. Write at least 250 words.  It is argued that history has little relevance in today’s fast-paced, technology-driven world, while others believe it remains essential for learning from past mistakes. I strongly support the view that history is indispensable for progress. On one hand, those who dismiss history’s importance argue that the modern world faces unique challenges, such as climate change, artificial intelligence, and global pandemics, that past generations never encountered. They claim that studying history is a waste of time when innovation and forward-thinking are prioritised. For example, a tech entrepreneur might argue that understanding ancient civilisations does little to help develop ...

  The bar graph and the pie charts illustrate the distribution of poverty between rural and urban areas across different regions in 1993 and 2002, as well as the overall rural-urban poverty share in 2002. Overall, while rural poverty decreased in most regions over the decade, it remained disproportionately high in rural areas compared to urban areas globally. Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia were the most affected regions. The bar chart compares the percentage of the impoverished population living in rural areas in 1993 and 2002 for six regions. In 1993, rural poverty was highest in Sub-Saharan Africa (approximately 85%) and South Asia (around 82%), while Latin America & the Caribbean had the lowest share (about 50%). By 2002, rural poverty decreased in all regions except Europe & Central Asia, where it remained stable. The most significant declines occurred in East Asia & Pacific (from roughly 78% to 65%) and South Asia (from 82% to 75%). Sub-Saharan Africa remained t...

  Some people feel that entertainers (e.g. film stars, pop musicians, or sports stars) are paid too much money.  Do you agree or disagree? Which other types of jobs should be highly paid? ——————————————————————————————————————— It is observed that celebrities are paid very handsome money. I completely agree that celebrities are paid too much money because they entertain a large audience. However, teachers and police officers should also be highly paid. Film stars and other public figures make a lot of money because they entertain the masses at a time. This is the main reason they get paid this much money. Additionally, if a film star or an athlete is able to engage thousands of people and these people are paying to watch that star, then they deserve to be paid accordingly. For instance, Babar Azam, who is the number one batsman in Pakistan right now, is being paid half a million rupees for each match. This is mainly because a lot of people come to watch him play, and he attrac...

  The bar chart presents the percentage of British people who donated to charity in 1990 and 2010 , categorised by age groups, and the comparison highlights how charitable behaviour changed over the two decades. Overall, charity declined among younger age groups in 2010 compared to 1990, while older age groups, especially those over 50, either maintained or increased their levels of donations. The most generous age group shifted from those aged 36–50 in 1990 to those aged 51–65 in 2010. In 1990, 42% of people aged 36–50 donated to charity, the highest among all groups, while the 18–25 age group was the least charitable at around 17%. By 2010, donations among younger adults dropped significantly, with only about 7% of those aged 18–25 giving to charity. In contrast, the 51–65 age group saw a slight increase from 35% in 1990 to 39% in 2010, making them the most charitable group in 2010. Donations among those over 65 also rose slightly, while the 26–35 and 36–50 brackets saw ...

  The line graph illustrates how crime rates changed in three categories, burglary, car theft, and robbery, in the New Port City between 2003 and 2012. The number of reported incidents for each type of crime is charted annually over the given period. Overall, burglary showed the most significant decline, while car theft remained relatively stable with some fluctuations. Robbery, on the other hand, consistently had the lowest number of incidents and showed only slight changes throughout the decade. In 2003, burglary was the most common crime, with around 3,400 reported cases, peaking at approximately 3,750 in 2004 before steadily falling to just under 1,200 by 2008. It then rose slightly and levelled off near 1,500 by 2012. Car theft remained between 2,000 and 2,900 incidents throughout the period, starting at around 2,800 in 2003 and ending close to the same figure in 2012 after a dip in the middle years. Robbery was the least frequent crime, starting at about 600 incidents in 20...

 The pie charts below show the online shopping sales for retail sectors in New Zealand in 2003 and 2013. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words. The pie charts compare the percentage of online retail sales across four sectors—travel, film/music, books, and clothes—in New Zealand in 2003 and 2013. Overall, there were significant changes in consumer behaviour over the ten years. While online sales for travel and clothes declined, purchases in the film/music and book sectors saw noticeable increases, with film/music experiencing the most substantial growth. In 2003, travel dominated the online retail sector with 36% of total sales, followed by clothes at 24%. Film/music and books accounted for smaller shares at 21% and 19%, respectively. By 2013, travel remained the largest sector but dropped to 29%. The clothes sector saw a sharp decline, falling to 16%. In contrast, the film/music sector g...

  The graph and table below show the average monthly temperatures and the average number of hours of sunshine per year in three major cities. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant. The line graph compares the average monthly temperatures in London, New York, and Sydney, while the table shows the total annual hours of sunshine in these three cities. Overall, New York experiences the most extreme temperature variations, while Sydney has the most stable climate throughout the year. London remains relatively moderate. In terms of sunshine, New York receives the highest annual total, followed closely by Sydney, with London getting significantly less sunshine. New York’s temperatures fluctuate dramatically, ranging from around 5°C in January to a peak of approximately 30°C in July, before dropping again towards the end of the year. London follows a similar pattern but is less extreme, with temperatures rising from about...

Some people think that e-books are the death of paper books while others think that paper books will never disappear. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.  Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. Write at least 250 words. It is argued that the rise of digital books will put an end to the traditional books. Others, however, believe that paper books will continue to survive. In my opinion, while e-books will continue to gain popularity, paper books will never completely disappear due to their tangible and sentimental appeal. One of the strongest arguments for the dominance of e-books is their convenience. Digital books can be stored in a single device, allowing readers to carry thousands of titles without the burden of physical weight. Additionally, e-books are often more affordable, as they eliminate printing and distribution costs. A real-world example is the growing adoption of e-books in education, where stude...

Topical Vocabulary: A Comprehensive List Note : To achieve a high score, one needs to learn to use these words appropriately Economics 1. Cash vs. Credit Card: Basic: Cash: Physical money (notes and coins). Credit Card: A card allowing you to borrow money for purchases. Transaction: A business exchange. Payment: Giving money for goods or services. Debt: Money owed. Budget: A plan for spending money. Interest: A fee charged for borrowing money. Spending: Using money. Balance: The amount of money in an account or owed. Fee: A charge for a service. Intermediate: Principal: The original amount borrowed or invested. Annual Percentage Rate (APR): The yearly interest rate on a credit card. Credit Limit: The maximum amount you can borrow on a credit card. Reward Points: Points earned for using a credit card, redeemable for rewards. Cashback: A percentage of purchases returned as cash. Credit Score : A numerical representation of your creditworthiness. Financi...